In Iowa, 62% of the housing stock was built prior to 1978 and may contain lead-based paint.

Iowa requires all children to be tested at least once before the age of 6 because children may have elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) and not have any specific symptoms.

Elevated blood lead levels in young children have been associated with adverse health effects ranging from learning impairment and behavioral problems to death.

In 2023, 1,032 Iowa children tested had a confirmed elevated blood lead level (3.5 mcg/dL or more); 287 of them had blood lead levels of 10 mcg/dL or more.

Work must be done immediately for an elevated blood lead (EBL) child. Work performed in response to an EBL inspection must pass clearance testing. This must be done by an EBL inspector/risk assessor. Post-renovation cleaning verification cannot be used.

Renovation can disturb paint. This includes sanding, cutting, and demolition. Renovation in pre-1978 buildings can create lead dust and chips. These can hurt adults and children. Pregnant women, the developing fetus, and children are at higher risk for illness from lead-based paint.

In 2008, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued rules for renovation. They apply to renovation in pre-1978 housing (target housing) and pre-1978 child-occupied facilities (daycare centers, kindergartens).

These rules became effective in April 2010.

The Lead Professional Certification Program requires training and certification of lead professionals, including lead inspectors, elevated blood lead inspectors, visual risk assessors, lead abatement contractors, lead abatement workers, and lead-safe renovators. It also requires certification of the firms that employ certified lead professionals.